Theories On Criminals

Although there are several theorists that have tried to discover the reasoning as to why people become criminals. Each theorist has different theories explaining criminal behavior. There is the anomie theory or innovative adaptation. This explains that those with criminal behavior have a condition when behavioral expectations are unknown, undefined, or in conflict (Champion, 2008). This theory is accredited to Robert King Morton, however was originally proposed by the French sociologist Mile Druthers (1858-1917) (Champion, 2008).Morton implies that people either accept or reject goals of society, and they accept or reject means to accomplish those goals (Champion, 2008). Psychological theories address the individual's behavior through trying to explain the inner workings of the mind (Champion, 2008). One theory that tries to explain the how the mind of a criminal works is the social learning theory. Social learning theorists such as Albert Bandeau, Walter Michel, and Richard Walters suggest that criminals are formed by modeling criminal behavior after other criminals (Siegel & Welsh, 2012).Biological theories explain criminal behavior through abnormal physical structure, hereditary criminal behaviors, and biochemical disturbances (Champion, 2008). In 1957, David Matzo and Gresham Sykes set out to teach others about their theory of naturalization among Juvenile delinquents (David Matzo, 2009). Naturalization theory is actually a technique that allows an offender to rationalize their criminal act (David Matzo, 2009). Youths that fall under this theory will consider them responsible for the crime, deny there were any injuries or victims, and blame the victim(s) for the offender's actions.

My Favourite Character

This Essay is about my favourite character in â€Å"To Kill a Mocking Bird. † She is one of the biggest, most important characters; she is considered the main character. She is very important for she helps narrate this story. She helps with the story by describing her thoughts and feelings that is one of the main reasons why I like her. She also helps to develop the plot, themes, and helps to emphasize some of the symbolism. Her name is Jean-Louis, but we all know her as Scout. Scout is a daughter, a sister and a friend.She is a huge tomboy; and she likes to prove it to every one. She prefers to hang out boys rather than girls, and so she does, she spends most of her time with her brother Jem, and in the summers, her cousin; Dill. In the beginning of the book Scout is only a young age of 9, throughout the novel she gets older just like the rest of the characters, and also matures along with her older brother Jem. Although Scout isn’t going through the same stages as Jem she matures just as much.Jem’s turning into a teenager, while Scout is getting older, and is discovering how the world works. The era of this book is set back to around the years 1861 to 1865; this was when the civil war was happening, along with the discrimination of African Americans. Racism is a huge theme in â€Å"To Kill a Mocking Bird. † Scout doesn’t really under stand that racism isn’t good, but it’s not her fault, because she has lived with it and doesn’t know any different.In that time â€Å"blacks† were known as lesser human beings. The â€Å"whites† were known to be greater than any other race; Scout didn’t know that this was wrong, so she went with it. During the trail, one of the biggest parts of this novel, Scout discovers a little bit about racism. The trial is about how an African American is being accused for the rape of a Caucasian woman, during the trial a lot of discrimination happens to the defenda nt, this is when Scout discovers racism.

Pros of Electronic Communication

Electronic communication was discovered in 1998. Electronic communication is used for the transfer of data, images, signals, signs, etc. through wire, electromagnetic, radio, photoelectronic or photo-optical system. With its growing popularity people have started communicating via email. Electronic communication is not only a new tool but also a new way of communication. This has led to a change in the culture. Below mentioned are advantages and disadvantages of electronic communication. Pros of Electronic Communication The benefits of electronic communication is that people across the world can share televised pictures, conversations, graphics, circuits and interactive softwares. The interaction between people residing in different geographical locations have increased and have become promiscuous. The conversations are more visual and textual. This is helpful mainly for hearing impaired people. With electronic communication, the recipient receives the message within a few seconds of the sender sending it. The recipient can read the message anytime, anywhere according to his convenience. The speed of conversation has increased and this has resulted in faster processing of important matters related to business, finance, trade, etc. For example, you can instantly access the information present in your computer. As there are no restrictions about time and place, people can sit at home and do their office work if the required resources are available. This work arrangement is termed as telecommuting. The communicated messages can be stored permanently or temporarily on disks or tapes for years or can even be printed and stored in files. The process of learning has become simple and efficient as the information can be archived and retrieved according to the requirement. Since the communication does not take place via hard copies, money spent for paper, printing and postal deliveries is saved. After the mail is delivered to the receiver, it is placed safely in the hard disk of the receiver's computer. After the receiver retrieves the mail, it is his responsibility to keep it safely. Cons of Electronic Communication The main issue with electronic communication is security. Your computer can be hacked and affected with computer virus. This can have an adverse effect on the computer system and the network. The volume of transmitted data is large and the transmission is fast. Hence, it becomes difficult for employers and managers to absorb, process and understand it and provide proper feedbacks to their employees. The speed with which the messages are transmitted often changes the structure of the messages, which at times can be misinterpreted. Electronic data can be duplicated identically without any proof of duplication. These messages can also be modified. At times, people can intentionally send malicious programs like viruses, worms and Trojans through emails, which is difficult to detect. Another disadvantage of electronic communication is email privacy issues. An email is sent in the form of data packets via computer network. These data packets have to pass through a number of routers (a computer device used for forwarding packets in the computer network) and computers before it reaches its destination. So, there are chances of an individual tampering the emails before it reaches its recipient. While the data packets are transferred from one computer system to another, they can be lost when one router transfers it to another. If the router is bombarded with more number of data packets than its carrying capacity, the receiver can experience a delay in receiving it. The ‘from message header' of a message can be modified, which hampers the authenticity. Almost all technologies in this world have their pros and cons. Similarly, there exist advantages and disadvantages of electronic communication as well. In-spite of its disadvantages, most of us depend on electronic communication for our everyday work as it has become an integral part of our lives.

German Ethnolinguistic Nationalism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 231

German Ethnolinguistic Nationalism - Essay Example The German leader at that time, Adolf Hitler, developed an ethnonational doctrine that protected the state as a German territory. This move worked to protect the state against an erosion of dissenting opinions. This led to the brutal evacuation of cultural groups that were against the German ethnocultural nationalism. The German ethnocultural push was motivated by the obsession of the domestic cultural affairs of the German nationalists. This act is responsible for the destruction of the native culture that faced the wrath of the violent nature of the German ethnic nationalism resurgence. Their struggle to maintain peace and keep their communities intact forced most kingdoms and empires to conform to the German system (Smith, 2009). The rebellions faced in the kingdoms were met with repulsive forces that forced the rebellious groups out of their native lands. The German system disentangled many ancient kingdoms in their quest to ensure the German ethnic affairs are adopted. The exped ition to assert political power by the advanced European nations forced Germany to quit their focus on smaller territories but instead focus on larger untapped territories. The Germans wanted to acquire land for agriculture and settlement. The Germans desire for wealth also pushed them to reach out to the larger territories. One of the German cultures that they were eager to spread is the Christian religion. The Germans wanted to spread Christianity to the less civilized territories. The missionaries aimed to spread the religion through colonization. Christopher Columbus discovered America in 1492. In addition, his desire for Christianity pushed the missionary to discover more territories to spread the religion. The biggest aim of the German expansion is their desire to control and expand the trade ties.

The Report of created app Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

The Report of created app - Essay Example Statistics shows that the use of technology among travelers is very high and therefore the tourism industry is making efforts to stay in touch with its clients through technology (Tourism in a World of Technology, 2011). The tourism industry can be defined as an attraction sector as it runs on the manmade and the natural creation that are the center of attraction. People from all over the world pay their visits to such modern or ancient destinations. One of the major jobs of the tourism industry is to market such manmade or natural places so that they attract the attention of people around the globe. Attractive and unique places succeed in capturing the interest of large number of tourists (Tarlow, 2011). Time is an important constraint for tourists as usually they have limited time in which lots of things need to be done. They need to work on questions like what is to be done and how it is needed to be done. Another problem faced by them is to find places. This indeed is another tim e consuming activity and it acquires a lot of time of the trip. The tourism packages being offered are for a limited period and therefore wasting time in finding places can be a problem for the tourists (5 key issues facing travel and tourism, 2012). The people enjoying their holidays constantly want to share their picture and videos with their family and friends. The fascination of people of taking picture and recording videos has often been the topic of criticism. Tourists consider pictures as a record that they can share with their family and friends way back home. These photos and videos recorded by the tourists remind them of their visit. It is not always easy for tourists to share and record these significant moments of their life. This is where technology comes into action. The problems faced by the tourists can be solved by the tourism industry through the help of technology. The discussed problems cannot be considered as a negative side of tourism. Travelling places and fin ding way to go to new places is in itself enjoyment. It is the job of the organizer to make the tour a life time experience for its customers. Their tasks involve picking up mundane activities and turning them into something interesting and fun. For example train journey can be a great source of joy for travel writers, and similarly travelling in buses and undergrounds have their own pleasure. The best part of city visits is walking in streets as it is one of the easiest ways to access the life of the people of that place (Some of the Major Current Issues Confronting Tourism, 2006). Still there is a need to solve all these problems faced by the tourists in order to make the tourism industry much more efficient. The tourism industry cannot find an optimal solution for such problems simply by taking the help of technology. Technology can be used by our tourism business to save the precious time of the customers. It must also be noted that things like finding a cafe in another country are a source of enjoyment in itself (Fesenmaier, 2012). In order to solve this problem of finding places one can simply provide their customers with electronic guidebooks. This is an advanced from of traditional guidebook that has the A-Z list of all the places present in a particular country. In the traditional guidebooks the tourists have to look through the pages in order to get direction and find a place. This cannot be considered as an easy task. Usually it can be seen that tourists travel in a group and therefore in

Analyse Guy Debords idea of the society of the spectacle. Does the Essay

Analyse Guy Debords idea of the society of the spectacle. Does the concept seem relevant to you - Essay Example During World War II, Guy Debord left home and travelled throughout the country of France. He began schooling in Cannes, where his interest in film and vandalism was discovered. As a young man, Debord was an active opposer of the French war in Algeria. Moreover, he joined in mass movements in Paris against it. Guy Debord joined the letterist internationally. Debord was the head of the situationist international group, which influenced the Paris rebellion of 1968; commonly known as: â€Å"The Society of the spectacle." The society of the spectacle and experts from the group, the situationist began to form their own theory of the spectacle, which explained the nature of the capitalism historical decay. In Guy Debords terms, the spectacle was to be defined as an assemblage of social relationships transmitted through the imagery of class power, and as the period of capitalist development where all that once lived has to be represented by an image. It is my argument that both of Debord’s terms alienated masses and revolutionary collective are secretly dependent upon the atomized perspective of liberal individualism. Both terms abstract the individual from subtending cultural traditions and the over-arching social relations in which they are embedded. Thus, this article seeks to explore the logic of Debord’s influential theory, propounding its insights and exposing the deficiencies of its underlying theoretical foundations. In The Society of Spectacle, Debord talks about the concept of the Spectacle. He also writes of: degradation of human life, commodity fetishism, mass media, and the difference between religion and marketing. The society of the spectacle is an essential text and the main work of the situationist. The work of the political and cultural theory has been provocative from its publication. In communities dominated by contemporary situations of production, life is viewed as an immense accumulation of s pectacle. Everything directly lived is

Race and ethnicity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Race and ethnicity - Essay Example Another thing that became a major hindrance in the community is racial abuse. Racial abuse has resulted in diversified and serious effects on adolescents and adults. The effects of racial harassment have long-standing issues and may stretch through out the life span. Short term or long term bullying tend to have serious mental difficulties on adults. Adults who continue to bully get into serious troubles and commit crimes like, marital violence, child abuse etc. It also affects the cordial relationship between the family members and friends. Though inequalities still exists, it doesn't mean that there shouldn't be any racial and ethnical categorization. In the present world scenario utmost importance is given to human rights. Under United Nations resolution human rights to every citizen of every country should be considered as an important factor. It's every country's responsibility to protect its citizen's basic human rights. Human rights violation should be considered as a serious offence, legal and appropriate action should be taken against those who violate these rights Assessing student's abilities and disabilities is the major factor and teachers should strive to identify these issues. By identifying their strengths and weaknesses one can easily work on these issues. Self-confidence plays an important role in everyone's lives. It is the deciding factor that decides a winner and a loser. In US the Blacks are the largest immigrants. They migrated from the far lands of the black continent Africa. In the past, since these countries were not as developed as US and their socio-economic structure was on decline, many of the citizens were forced to work as slaves and have to migrate to US. In US, Black immigrants have less education and less skill set, even among Black women also. Apart from other groups these Blacks have less human capital, so they have very less employers in their group and it is indirectly affecting their economic status and social environment also. Gender inequality was always prevailed among the Blacks. Since they were not the major community and further more they were immigrants, they had to face the brunt of racial abuse. One of the reasons of racial abuse was, fear among the US citizens was losing the jobs to these immigrants. Since the Blacks were ready to work for fewer wages there always lies the danger of losing jobs. Most of the Blacks were more or less unskilled or semi-skilled. This makes them of losing jobs very often. This brings more responsibilities on average Black women. Now she has to work outside to meet the daily requirements and look after the family. Bullying and racial harassment were the most dreaded things that most of the blacks and their children experienced in the pre and post civil war. The major reasons to start bullying and racial abusing depends on the characters surrounding the respective environment (like parents, neighbors, etc.,), children will face the immediate effect since they are the immediate guardians to the children, if not this parents or teachers at school whoever are close to the children with respect to time get to influence them. Human beings develop or grow by observing the surroundings and so they are called as social animals. The madness of depression is the antithesis of violence. It is a storm indeed, but a storm of murk. Soon evident are the slowed-down responses, near paralysis, psychic energy throttled

Economics Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Economics - Term Paper Example 2.2 Economy of North America†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦... 7 The topic covers opportunities for allocation of capital as a scare resource that has to be allocated in many ways. Others see prospects in monopolistic environment, while others perceived the pure and natural monopoly more advantageous for their particular intention. Economies of countries differ because of economies of scale. This results to differences in GDP of poor and rich countries. We also see that aggregate demand is affected by price levels that either lowers or raises income and eventually influences balance of trade. Also, we have come at a conclusion that capital is the backbone of any business, but there are several decisions needed before a business could be established. Economics is a social science that studies production, distribution and consumption of goods and services. By extension economics also studies economic system, human welfare the creation and distribution of wealth, and the scarcity and alternative uses of resource. Under this definition, this study looks at the different market structure in a monopoly environment, examines the economy of selected countries, and studies the capital structure of business in order to understand the process of distribution of wealth. A monopolistic competition is a form of an imperfect competition which results from the differentiation of products by sellers. Dean, J. (p. 51) describes monopolistic competition as a situation where there are many sellers and no one can claim of control of major part of the common commodity. For example, McDonalds cannot claim a monopoly of hamburger sandwich as many others are selling the same product. McDonald differentiates its product thru advertising and promotion. Chart below shows a monopolistic competition which shows that on a short run basis, profit margin is comfortable for

Report for hewlett packard (Communication In business 100) Lab

For hewlett packard (Communication In business 100) - Lab Report Example The company is guided by 7 companywide objectives and shared values including commitment to global citizenship (hp, 2010). Been a major player, in the global market, the company is bound by the ten global compact principles and reports its progress on the implementation of the same to the United Nations organization. There is a high likelihood of respecting worker’s working conditions and rights in a company practicing direct dialogue and freedom of association. Direct engagement and open communication with workers in resolving compensation and workplace issues induce a better cohesion amongst workers, working atmosphere, adherence to company’s policies and common sharing of objectives according to csr-supplychain (2010). Hp, being a global company, has to involve a lot of employees ranging from dealers to suppliers, retailers and managerial personnel among other staff in its successful running. For efficient running of the business and the supply chain, the top management of the company must uphold the freedom of association and the effective recognition of the right to collective bargaining in engaging with the employees. HP conducts audits on the major suppliers in the world deemed to be a risk to the efficient running of the business in order to verify their conformance to certain set rules and standards. Hp as a multinational company maintains detailed standards regarding labor management systems, safety and health management systems, ethics, environment and labor standards. The company has given the employees and suppliers freedom of association and right to collective bargaining in undertaking their activities in the distribution chain. During recruitment of the employees, the company management gives the potential employee an option of stating the amount he/she would like to be given as remuneration. If the

International Business Law and its Environment Essay

International Business Law and its Environment - Essay Example These bribery fuelled projects have gained Siemens more than $1.1 billion in revenue (Schaffer, Earle and Augusti). In the period between March 2001 and September 2007, about $1.4 billion in about 4,283 payments were shelled out to bribe government officials in exchange for lucrative business deals in different countries which also include high-ranking Iraqi officials who got kickbacks at the expense of the UN. Millions of dollars were also spent to pay up third parties that implicated embezzlement. It was found that there is an atmosphere of tolerance and even the company’s cultural acceptance of the practice in all levels of the corporation. There has been a systematic implementation of this scheme that engaged the members of the organization (ibid). There was a failure by the internal safeguards of Siemens to clean up their business adequately in time prior to the case filed by the SEC to their disadvantage. The main issue encompasses the acts of the company in violation of the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977 (FCPA) under the United States federal law which punishes bribery of foreign officials. This is in relation to the thrust of the Securities and Exchange Commission to regulate businesses under its jurisdiction. Specifically, the provisions of Sections 30A, 13(b)(2)(A), and 13(b)(2)(B) of the Exchange Act were violated (ibid). The court found in favour of the SEC and granted the highest settlement in this particular area where Siemens has offered $1.6 billion in payment for the fines and disgorgement provided under the law. Out of which, $350 million will go to the SEC in disgorgement, $450 million in criminal fine to the Department of Justice, about $569 million as fine to Germany’s Office of the Prosecutor General in Munich. This is apart from the approximately $285 million Siemens has already paid in 2007 to the Prosecutor previously mentioned (ibid). In the end, the SEC and the State together with the German government on this case through an amicable settlement by the plaintiff and defendant.

Marketing 4580 International Transportation Essay

Marketing 4580 International Transportation - Essay Example The current office automation systems improve on the limited capabilities of the early year’s soft ware packages. As technology improves further, managers and other members of staff analyze issues that have traditionally been solved by specially designed computer programs. Hence, the classic issue of transportation cost minimization at a minimum transportation cost is addressed (Murphy & Wood, 2010). Communication systems are another example of information systems that could be utilised. It is obvious that communication is an important component of any organisation (Murphy & Wood, 2010). Hence, communication systems help various organisational stakeholders work together by interacting and sharing information in many different forms. With regard to logistics, the importance of well-defined and well-executed communication systems was most appreciated by companies that use or provide airfreight services after the events of 9/11 terrorist attack (Murphy & Wood, 2010). As such, communication systems played a crucial role for airfreight providers. With current advancement in telecommunication technology, new technology is replacing old methods of communication. Case in point, wireless communication is the new yardstick that is replacing the honoured Electronic data interchange (EDI) (Murphy & Wood, 2010). On the other hand, the most commonly used type of wireless system, the global po sitioning systems (GPS), has become quite valuable to the transportation component of logistics due to high fuel costs and the relentless pressure to improve efficiency and productivity. These issues have since been resolved by the GPS system (Murphy & Wood, 2010). Other important systems are the Management Information System (MIS) and Executive Information System (EIS). These systems convert data into information. This information monitors the performance and the management structure in an organization. In this

The Welcome Table Essay Example for Free

The Welcome Table Essay Understanding â€Å"The Welcome Table† One of the main focus points of all literary works is the theme of the story that is being read. To identify a story s theme you must look beyond what is happening in the story but look at what the story is really about. In this short paper I will be covering the theme of â€Å"The Welcome Table† and examples of certain elements of the story. Theme of â€Å"The Welcome Table† When reading writings of any kind you must try and understand what the story is really about instead of looking too much into what the story is being wrote about. For lots of pieces of literature that was written in the era before the 1950’s when writers had an underlying meaning for their writings that weren’t noticed unless read closely. In the short story â€Å"The Welcome Table† written by Alice Walker, you see the plot immediately start when an older black lady is at the front steps of a white community’s church. The story is obviously written in a time when black people where thought to be unequal to white people. Considering that the author of this short story was born in 1944 and growing up in a time when racism against black people was at the highest point. Throughout the entire story the theme is racism. Many of the people in the story saw the old lady as an invasion or maid, to the young usher telling the lady that this wasn’t her church. Then after the ladies in the church practically made the men throw this harmless old black lady out of a church, you could tell the theme had to be about race. The tone throughout the entire story that these people had against this old black lady, was not necessarily hatred but of disgust. The women made their husbands grab this old lady and take her outside into the cold. I wasn’t like this one old black lady was there to hurt anyone of disrespect the white people in any way but to come to church. As we look father into the story after the old lady is outside she sets the tone for more of an uplifting tone. As she is standing on the front of the church in the cold singing a sad song, she sees Jesus. As she is walking with him she is overjoyed and sings and uplifting song. Even though these people have disrespected her by kicking her out of a church, her faith is unbroken and she is doing as Jesus tells her to. Even though the story ends with the black families seeing her walking alone down the street, one can only think that she died somewhere and went to heaven to be with Jesus; almost like he was leading her there. There are many symbols in this story that can be referenced to many things. The story seems to be written during the winter since there was reference to it being below freezing outside. Winter is closely related to Death, and for me I let my mind wander to the death of the old lady, even though the story did not say that, that is what I have come to the conclusion. One of the other major symbols I see in this story is when the old lady first saw Jesus. She kept looking to see if he was carrying the lamb, like in the picture that she had. The lamb refers to gentleness, and since they were at a white church, the white referring to life. Even though the white people were so disrespectful to her and put her out in the cold she still kept her faith. See was ecstatic when she saw Jesus coming down the road, and made sure she got his attention so he would not miss her. Winter was there for the old lady and she knew it, so she went to the church to make her peace with Jesus and it just so happened that he was coming for her. Even though the white people were so cruel to her and the theme of this story is racism, the story also says don’t give up on what you believe even if it seems unrealistic. The old lady believes in Jesus, and the white people were not going to affect that no matter how they treated her.

The Mozart Effect: Concept Overview and Analysis

The Mozart Effect: Concept Overview and Analysis The Mozart Effect Beth Boardley Abstract The Mozart Effect is said to occur when individuals listen to the two piano sonata. It is hypothesized that by listening to this ensemble that individuals will remember information more easily. Two studies were conducted relating to the Mozart Effect. The first study relates to spatial skill performance and how we use the same neural pathways to process this as we do music, the second study was conducted to challenge the first study. The second study’s argument was that any music that is appreciated can cause the same memory effect. In the second study they conducted one experiment in which they exposed unborn mice to Mozart’s piano sonata K448 and then also conducted a study to see how Mozart’s piano sonata K448 affected patients who suffered from epilepsy. The conclusions were that Mozart’s piano sonata K448 did have a positive effect on both animals and humans. In this paper we will discuss the parts of the first study including the hypothesis, variable s, evidence, and explanations the researchers use. We will also examine the merit and generalizability of the second study. Music and Spatial Task Performance By conducting research and doing experiments we can gain reliable answers to the millions of questions we have. There are many different types of research that can be conducted. Researchers choose the type of research and experiments to conduct based on the hypothesis, and the resources available to them. This purpose to this paper is to examine the study of the Mozart effect in relation to two articles, â€Å"Music and Spatial Task Performance† written by Rauscher, Shaw Ky in 1993, and â€Å"The Mozart Effect† written by Jenkins in 2011, and to answer specific questions based on their research. Fundamentally the Mozart Effect is a study that examines whether or not music helps individuals complete tasks better. The first article in question is Music and Spatial Task Performance. This article was written by Rauscher, Shaw Ky in 1993. They strove to prove that there was a causal relationship between â€Å"cognition and cognitions pertaining to abstract operations such as mathematical or spatial reasoning† (Rauscher et al., 1993). They hypothesized that scans of the brain and its neural pathways would show that the intake and processing of music and our spatial ability would use the same pathways. They also hypothesized that theses paths cover large portions of the same areas of the brain. To better understand these articles it is important to understand what spatial task performance is. â€Å"Spatial ability is the capacity to understand and remember the spatial relations among objects† (Jhu.edu, n.d.). In other words it is the ability to visualize in one’s mind. This ability is not static as it develops throughout one’s life. In relation to application, spatial ability is related to a person’s ability to perform at a minimum of two tasks at the same time. An example of a spatial skill would be walking and dribbling a ball. Many occupations require prominent spatial ability such as mathematics, meteorology, natural sciences, engineering, and architecture, among many others. Many of these jobs require research. Conducting research also requires spatial ability. There are many components to conducting research. Two of the most important components are the independent and dependent variables. An independent variable is a variable that stands alone and has no changes made to it. The independent variables in this study are Mozarts sonata, the college students, and the three-year-olds (Rauscher et al., 1993). A dependent variable is a variable that depends on other factors and changes. In the Rauscher et al., study the dependent variable was the memory. Another component of a research study is the controlled variables. A controlled variable is a variable in which the researcher wants to remain constant. The controlled variables in the Rauscher et al., 1993 study consist of Mozart’s sonata, the college students, and the three-year-olds. The music was a necessary controlled variable because the study was music based. The age ranges of the participants was important to control because they wanted to find out how memory was affected in children and in adults. They wanted to see who would remember the information the longest. Rauscher et al., 2013, presented data from two studies. They proved that the college students had better short term memory as a result of listening to Mozart’s sonata. They also showed that the three year olds had advancements, particularly in nonverbal cognitive ability, as a result of listening to Mozart’s sonata too. The evidence from this study was empirical and valid. The researchers explained that infants have the maximum ability relating to developing nonverbal cognitive skills as well as memorization. It has been shown that as we increase in age we lose memory recall and execution skills with the decrease in brain elasticity. This also makes it harder for adults to retain new information. The evidence presented in the article justified their explanation and proved that music and spatial ability travels among the same pathways in the brain. The Mozart Effect In 2001 another researcher Jenkins analyzed the work and studies conducted by Rauscher et al., 1993 in relation to the Mozart effect. Jenkins used the concept of â€Å"enjoyment arousal† as an explanation to the Mozart effect. Jenkins believed two specific factors that affected the study was the type of music being played and the participant’s particular taste for the music. For instance if the participants were to have been of a younger age such as a teenager then they would most likely respond with more positive results to music from their generation such as Taylor Swift or Carrie Underwood. In order to test the challenge hypothesis Jenkins conducted a study Jenkins conducted animal experiments. They used rats in utero and exposed them to music for 60 days. The rats were split into groups where each group were exposed to different music. The ensembles in which the rats were exposed to were â€Å"Mozarts piano sonata K448, to minimalist music by the composer Philip Glass, to white noise or to silence† (Jenkins, 2011). After the rats were born and the exposure period was ended they were tested using a maze navigation course. The results from the study were surprising. The study from the maze navigation showed that the rats who were exposed to Mozart’s sonata were the quickest and also the most accurate at completing the maze (Jenkins, 2011). This information is significant because it showed that Mozart’s sonata and the Mozart effect does exist, that it is provable, and that it has an effect on memory. An additional study conducted did not relate to spatial skills or maze navigation. This study involved persons suffering from epilepsy. For this study they used â€Å"29 patients with focal discharges or bursts of generalized spike and wave complexes† (Jenkins, 2001). While listening to Mozart’s piano sonata K448 patient’s EEG results had a visible reduction in epileptic activity. They study showed for some patients there was great improvements. For example â€Å"in one male, unconscious with status epilepticus, ictal patterns were present 62% of the time, whereas during exposure to Mozart’s music this value fell to 21%† (Jenkins, 2001). According to another study, â€Å"The long-term effect of listening to Mozart K.448 decreases epileptic form discharges in children with epilepsy†, the Mozart K448 also had effectiveness in reducing epilepsy and the frequency of epileptic episodes in children (Lin et al., 2011). This study holds merit for several reasons. One reason is that it proves that the Mozart effect does exist. Secondly it provides evidence that the Mozart effect is not based only on music appreciation per the unborn rat’s performance in the maze. It also showed that this effect is not limited to spatial ability or memory as it was also proven to have profound effects in epileptic patients. This study did not take into account individual spatial ability. For instance all the rats were apparently able to complete the maze. The researchers gave no warning that any rats were impaired leading us to assume all of the rats were healthy. The only difference encountered was the music in which the rats were exposed to, or lack thereof. The study performed with the patients suffering from epilepsy did not pertain to their spatial abilities it focused on the decrease of epileptic episodes. .In order to make this study more generalizable all they would need to try and test the spatial ability of many different types of rats. There should be normal functioning rats, mentally deficient rats, deformed rats, and rats that suffer blindness and deafness issues. Added in there could be rats that suffer from malnutrition as well as obesity. With keeping the rest of the study the same a more wide-ranging inference can be made in relation to Mozart’s sonata and the effects it has on the rat’s performance in the maze navigation. In regards to the studies with the epileptic patients other types of music should be used rather than just Mozart’s sonata. Other classical selections could be used such as selections from Bach, Chopin, or other Mozart selections. This could be helpful in order to see if the epileptic episodes are decreased with the various selections or if it is just that particular Mozart sonata. The study could break the music down farther by examining the type of instrumentation within the selection. In the studies it was stated that the Mozart sonata was a piano piece. With this we may deduce that selections using the piano may have an effect on epileptic episodes. A generalization from this is that soothing piano music with no words could have a positive effect on the epileptic episode reductions. Another possibility, just as with the rats, the type of epileptic could be factor such as the severity of the epilepsy in the patient. Conclusion The conclusion of these studies is that the Mozart effect does in fact exist, that it is provable, and that there are positive results in the participants. The first study conducted pertained to spatial skills in college students as well as three year olds. This study proved that younger individuals have the ability to remember information more easily as a result of listening to Mozart’s sonata. The college students showed that information was retained only short-term. Also proven was that the intake and processing of music and spatial abilities use the same neural pathways in the brain. It was later argued that any type of music can make people remember more as long as they appreciate they music being played. This however was disproved through the experiment that was conducted using the rats. They study showed that the rats that listened to Mozart’s piece performed better and more accurately in the maze vs. rats that listened to Philip Glass, white noise, or nothing at all. Also interesting was the discovery that listening to Mozart’s piano sonata K448 was proven to reduce epileptic episodes. The Mozart effect unquestionably warrants further study. There needs to be different types of rats to determine if disabilities such as blindness or injury has an effect on their ability to navigate the maze. More studies with epileptic patients could be conducted as well in order to test different types of music’s relation to the reduction of episodes if any, as well as more studies on individuals and children. References Jenkins, J.S. (2001). The Mozart effect. Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine, 94, 170-172. Retrieved January 21, 2015, from http://web.b.ebscohost.com.libproxy.edmc.edu/ehost/pdfviewer/[emailprotected]vid=1hid=116 Jhu.edu. (n.d.). What is spatial ability? Retrieved January 21, 2015, from Lin, L., Lee, W., Wu, H., Tsai, C., Wei, R., Mok, H., Weng, C., Lee, M., Yang, R., (2011). The long-term effect of listening to Mozart K.448 decreases epileptic form discharges in children with epilepsy. Epilepsy Behavior, 21(4), 420-424. Retrieved January 21, 2015, from http://www.sciencedirect.com.libproxy.edmc.edu Rauscher, F. H., Shaw, G. L., Ky, K. N. (1993). Music and spatial task performance. Nature, 365. 6447: 611. (October 14, 1993). (ProQuest Document ID 76004658). Retrieved January 21, 2015, from http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED390733.pd

Barratt Development Account Information Analysis

Barratt Development Account Information Analysis Assessing the role of accounting information and accounting information system at Barratt Development Abstract Accounting information and accounting information systems (AIS) in todays information age play critical roles in facilitating decision-makers with accurate financial status of the organization and activities to pursue strategic objectives. Accountants, who are the disseminators of accounting information, need to ensure that the information provided to decision-makers such as managers, executives and board of directors is up-to-date to achieve organizational objectives, monitor performance and/or amend strategic objectives when needed. Sometimes accounting information is not as useful and even impacts negatively on the users. This is due to a host of issues that plague accounting information and its systems including authenticity, integrity and quality of the information generated. For these reasons, companies have to develop and maintain accounting information systems congruent with their business objectives to ensure usefulness, integrity and transparency to avoid ethical, legal and business conflicts. In the following evaluation, the researcher shall demonstrate the role of accounting information and accounting information system at Barratt Development Plc, with special emphasis on how the implementation of computerized accounting information systems affects issues of quality, integrity and reliability. Barratt Development Overview Barratt is one of the UKs largest homebuilders. Founded in 1958, the company today has an extended growing network of divisions spread throughout the UK. The breadth and scope of Barratt’s organizational structure can be measured by the number of resources and other pioneering projects development it serves to the communities. The company boasts market share with specialization in creating high quality, value for money homes for sale, rent and shared ownership, often in partnership with local authorities, housing associations and others (Official Website 2007). The majority, that is 80%, of the projects, are based on brown field recycled land. This commitment towards sustainable development has been congruent with the Governments future plan in sustainable development and innovation in homebuilding and construction (Official Website 2007). Even though the company has been founded since four decades, it is growing at an unprecedented speed. Since its listing in the London Stock Exchange in 1968, Barratt Development Plc has achieved high turnover. For the year 2006, the company has had a group turnover of  £2,431m. With 33 operating divisions throughout the country to serve all sectors of the market, Barratt is considered one of the most powerful groups of builders in planning and developing of the countrys housing sector (Official Website 2007). According to its executives, Barratts success lies in its geographical spread and extensive product range. The company has always ensured that sales of its homes and buildings are congruent with the average market place to appeal to a variety of buyers, yet maintains quality throughout the project. In addition, Barratt does not believe in remaining stagnant and following other players. Instead, part of its success lies in its ability to grow through innovation, and using green technologies effectively to develop projects that cost less, have more valuable benefits to the customer and environment, as well as customized to the end users preferences. Problems such as energy efficiency, health and safety, and regeneration are taken into consideration seriously (Annual Report 2006). With a strong team of specialists on its hand, Barratts management is confident in its performance and in creating value for its shareholders and stakeholders. Role of Accounting Information and AIS at Barratt Development The emergence of the digital economy and globalization has precipitated the concept of organizational systems for managing knowledge and information. In the financial context, digitized information reporting has become a link between the different units of the organization. It is through this network of information that organizations are able to utilize information in individualized management. Accounting information systems are enablers of information provision to synthesize financial information such as reports for non-standard managerial decisions. The AIS has come to be the managers knowledge through which the organization deploys knowledge for various purposes in decision frameworks (Bhimani 2003). Thus, AIS can be defined as a subsystem of the organizations information system in which quantitative data are processed to provide information for individuals or group of people with similar information needs, to use in understanding organizational activities and support decision-mak ing. Accounting information refers to processed data converted into information for the purpose of decision-making (OpenLearning ). This ideology can be exemplified by studying Barratt Development and its AIS. Accounting information at Barratt serves various groups of individuals and mainly those who are in direct relation with the business. From the top of the decision tree, the board of directors who need to direct and control the organization are the principal users of accounting information. Accounting information is used to study the trend in revenues, pre-tax profit, losses, group activities, cash flow, return on capital employed, forward order book, land, net assets, interest rates, selling price, volume of business, product sale and earnings per share to estimate the status of the business. They base their assessment on future plans, the types of project they will focus on, the kind of resources they plan to employ, and the kind of risks involved in the business (Annual Report 2006). Apart from the board of directors, accounting information provides valuable information for monitoring purposes for external groups of individuals such as the auditing committee. They study the integrity of the financial statements to objectively evaluate its relation with the organizational performance. They are also responsible for studying the financial management and reporting system to ensure that accounting procedures, system of control and processes are congruent with standards prescribed by the regulators (Annual Report 2006). The accounting information also provides useful status of the kind of credit transactions that have taken place with suppliers, the terms for repayment and how much debt the company is in without risking the companys integrity. After the Board of Directors, the auditors, and the creditors, the executives and managers are the ones who make use of the accounting information. They utilize make use of accounting information for assessing operational performance and how to improve it through strategic plans. Accounting information provides insight pertaining to the gaps or problems inherent in the skills, resources, and financial constrains that hinder the maximization of efficiency of resources to achieve organizational objectives and targets (Annual Report 2006). External users of accounting information also include the shareholders and speculators who are keen on studying the performance of the company from time to time to safeguard their interests. Information pertaining to earnings per share, share pricing, profitability, rates of returns and announcement of new shares being floated are all useful for shareholders to make investment decisions. Apart from the above-mentioned core decision-makers, accounting information is also used at the operational level for information like salaries, benefits, bonuses, pension benefits, as well as ensuring that divisional leaders are able to gauge the status of inventory, receivables, cash flow activities, assets, land, payables and taxes etc. which will impact on the overall status of the projects. The accounting information that these individuals utilize is processed by an accounting information system, which generates information from daily transactions such as sale receipts, invoices, payment slips, taxation forms, salary slips, suppliers transactional slips, and trade receivables etc. The AIS comprises of sub-sub systems set up based on accounting standards such as inventory system, supply chain system, sales proceeds systems, human resource system, and capital investment systems. The AIS is also formed based on various internal transactions recorded in these systems. Hence, the AIS at Barratt Development is based on both internal and external accounting information processing. Accounting Information Strategy at Barratt Development Although AIS has been in existence in organizations since the invention of accounting, today it is interpreted synonymously with the computerization of accounting function. The fundamental purpose of AIS is to collect, record and process data from activities related to the organizations (Stefanou 2006). The resultant information has implications in maintenance, decision and communication by internal and external stakeholders, depending on the extent of the impact of environmental factors, social factors, technological factors and organizational factors. According to Stefanou (2006), accounting information and AIS are critical for organizations to respond to highly competitive and dynamic business environments that often alter production processes and organizational structures. For this purpose, information systems such as AIS play an important role in facilitating change management and allow cross-functional requirements. At Barratt, the company has engaged Weber Shandwick Square Mile as the financial PR advisors to develop a communication framework especially designed for providing information to its shareholders and stakeholders at all times. However, this step towards transparency is limited by the companys policy not to divulge sensitive financial information to the public without the expressed approval of the Company Secretary. The company believes that this strategy helps it to ensure that key accounting information is only communicated to those genuinely concerned such as investors, private shareholders and analysts (Annual Report 2006). Barratts AIS is based on the International Financial Reporting Standards, complies with the Companies Act of 1985 and uses the generally accepted accounting principles. Under GAAP, the company also has to include estimates and assumptions that affect the companys overall financial performance, especially on assets and liabilities, while reporting of revenues and expenses. Accounting information is based on the managements interpretation of amount, activities, actions and actual/estimates and their impact on the performance of the company. For this purpose, Barratt takes into account of results/estimates from holding companies, as well as its subsidiaries, to be included in it financial statements to record revenue, expenditures, assets, liabilities, and cash flows. For example, when considering cost estimation, the company includes materials, labour and overheads of work in progress. Similarly, when considering property, plant and equipment, the company includes deferred purchase cre dit terms and costs, less depreciation of the assets (Annual Report 2006). Developing and managing accounting information is critical for inter and intra organizational information dissemination. Accurate information is required for decision support throughout the organization, as well as to ensure that the quality of information supports efficiency of operational activities. By using the GAAP principles, the companys decision-makers are able to negotiate and manage costs for determining cost price, selling price and service price of its products in the market. It is also critical for the decision-makers at the divisional level to gauge the financial implications of the project undertaken and, hence, determine its value to the overall organizational strategy. In smaller companies, it is easier to emphasize on control mechanisms such as cash, monitoring performance and maintaining relationships with external entities (Collis and Jarvis 2002). However, in an organization such as Barra tt, where holding companies, subsidiaries, supply chain and such external value chain units are connected with the companys operations, accounting estimates, though give a rough picture of the financial status, do not really provide correct financial status (Ramos 2004). Furthermore, due to the changing business environment and trend, traditional notions of control systems no longer prove effective in understanding and controlling factors that affect organizations. Bhimani (2003) is of the view that management operational strategies nowadays require a balance of all units within the organizational framework linked by an effective communication network, which emphasize on information and knowledge transfer. Any information system must facilitate information for monitoring and evaluation of the knowledge. Boland (1999) too is of the view that information systems such as the AIS must be present in the organization to create reports, support report regeneration, support decision systems, smoothen workflow and provide enquiry function. Therefore, the AIS should represent the organizational control system (Stuerke 2005). To begin with, Barratt maintains an effective financial information system that provides relevant and up-to-date information pertaining t o the organization for the purpose of maintaining investment relations. One cannot deny the fact that information pertaining to earnings forecasts, capital returns, announcements, financial performance and the like are easily available at the click of a button at Barratts investor relations web site. The purpose of this web site is to smooth the workflow of the investors, traders and analysts so that they engage in trading Barratts shares and securities (Barratt Official Website 2007). Likewise, one observes that Barratt has used its financial information system to effectively direct and control its corporate governance through which it sets standards and values for maintaining its relationship with shareholders, customers, staff, suppliers, contractors and stakeholders. It is through its corporate governance strategy that the company is able to develop an operational plan, budget, financial statements, decide on projects, conduct acquisition and disposal of units, as well as monitor business performance, set internal control for risk management and ensure transparency is existent throughout the organization (Annual Report 2006). An effective information system is dependent on a regulatory body. It is this body that monitors and evaluates the efficacy of the implementation of policies and strategies. Maintaining an information system with sensitive information, such as financial data, is useless if there are no regular checks and balances. In a financial context, this is usually carried out by the auditors. Congruent to the breadth and size of the company, Barratt has two groups of auditors internal and external. The Audit Committee (internal) comprises of executive directors with financial experience who are responsible for monitoring the effectiveness of the audit process, financial management and reporting systems, as well as ensuring the integrity and effectiveness of its accounting processes. The internal control systems are reviewed regularly to monitor potential risks or discrepancies in the audit function. An external auditing company, PricewaterhouseCoopers LLC has been engaged to authenticate the v alidity of the internal audit committees reports (Annual Report 2006). This approach is not new in terms of companys evaluation and monitoring. Apart from the auditing committee, Barratts Directors are also responsible for safeguarding the companys assets by monitoring for fraud and irregularities in its financial system and operations. Their task is governed by an internal control and risk management system. Although, this system may seem effective in defining risk control operations and reportage, nevertheless it is usually limited by the authority of the same directors who report, evaluate and audit the financial information disseminated at interim and annual meetings. The directors are a select group who are made responsible for the transparency of the whole companys accounting system. For example, when considering issues of land viability for acquisition, work in progress, and sub-contractor payments etc., the executive directors are dependent on the input system, which is controlled at the divisional level. Accounting of purchases, sales, and acquisitions is authenticated by the divisional heads, while the executive di rectors are dependent on these divisional units for authentication of their own reportage. Consequently, the researcher is of the view that the system only provides reasonable assurance. The risk of fraudulent activities cannot be really assured at all levels as the checks and balances are limited to the top executives only. Conclusion From the above discussion, one understands that although the digital economy has substantially revolutionized accounting information systems, it is essentially based on the same framework. Traditional accounting values such as integrity, authenticity and quality of information for the purpose of decision-making critically have remained the same. All processes in recording and processing accounting data for generating information serve the purpose of accountability and authentication of the factors of production, work in progress and performance of the firm. What has changed is the significance of the AIS as the intra and inter communication framework for stakeholders and shareholders. This is evident from the above study of Barratt Development, one of UKs top house-builder companies. Barratt, based on its operational infrastructure, has developed a complex financial information system governed by policies, procedures and disciplines for governing it. Its management has appointed top decision-makers (its directors) as gatekeepers for monitoring, evaluating and safekeeping of financial information. It has adopted standardized accounting principles for reportage and accountability so as to facilitate its shareholders and stakeholders with easy-to-access accounting information for making decisions that affect the company. Nevertheless, if one analyzes this accounting system, it is filled with gaps, which may compromise the integrity and quality of information provided to its users. Consequently, the researcher is of the view that AIS cannot guarantee authenticity, quality and integrity of information, regardless of the kind of system adopted. What is needed is a check and balance system integrated, congruent with the AIS, at all levels of the organization to ensure independent authentication of information and knowledge management. Bibliography Barratt Official Website. Company Profile. Online accessed on 20 January 2007 from: http://www.barratt-investor-relations.co.uk/corporateoverview/companyprofile.aspx Barratt Report and Accounts 2006. Bhimani, A. (2003) Management Accounting in the Digital Economy. Oxford University Press: Oxford. Boland, R. J. (1999) Accounting as a Representational Craft Lessons for Research on Information Systems in Rethinking Management Information Systems: An Interdisciplinary Perspective, Currie, W. and Galliers, B. (eds) Oxford University Press: Oxford. pp. 229 Collis, J. and Jarvis, R. (2002) Financial Information and the Management of Small Private Companies. Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, Vol. 9, No. 2 pp.100-110 Ramos, M. M. (2004) Interaction between management accounting and supply chain management. Supply Chain Management: An International Journal. Vol.9, No. 2, pp.134-138 Stuerke, P. S. (2005) Financial analysts as users of accounting information. International Journal of Managerial Finance Vol. 1 No. 1, pp. 8-24 Barratt Report and Accounts 2006. Barratt Official Website. Company Profile. Online accessed on 20 January 2007 from: http://www.barratt-investor-relations.co.uk/corporateoverview/companyprofile.aspx Bhimani, A. (2003) Management Accounting in the Digital Economy. Oxford University Press: Oxford. Boland, R. J. (1999) Accounting as a Representational Craft Lessons for Research on Information Systems in Rethinking Management Information Systems: An Interdisciplinary Perspective, Currie, W. and Galliers, B. (eds) Oxford University Press: Oxford. pp. 229 Ramos, M. M. (2004) Interaction between management accounting and supply chain management. Supply Chain Management: An International Journal. Vol.9, No. 2, pp.134-138 Collis, J. and Jarvis, R. (2002) Financial Information and the Management of Small Private Companies. Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, Vol. 9, No. 2 pp.100-110 Stuerke, P. S. (2005) Financial analysts as users of accounting information. International Journal of Managerial Finance Vol. 1 No. 1, pp. 8-24

money or your life :: essays research papers

A thought popped in my head as I was half way through the readings for this assignment and I wanted to share it with you. This is my last class until I graduate. I was supposed to take this course last semester and I waited because I had a lot going on in my life the past few months. This class is so much more beneficial to me now because I am in the â€Å"real world† and have been in it for awhile now. If I was to take this class while I was still going to college I really wouldn’t have gotten as much out of it. I think things happen for a reason and I am glad I’m taking this class now. With that said; I will get on to the readings†¦ In chapter 4 of â€Å"Your Money or Your Life† the whole concept of how much is enough is very interesting to me. The idea is finding fulfillment. In order to find fulfillment you need to find what you are looking for out of life. What are your dreams, what is your purpose in life? I have always had many dreams throughout my life. I also know that there is a purpose for me to be here on earth. Yet I still don’t know what exactly I want to do career wise. I am still looking for that exact purpose for me to be here. I strongly feel that you find this with experience. You need to get out there and experiment, absorb all the knowledge you get from others and your experiences. On page 121 the author discusses purpose. I know that I have a purpose in living. The author says that one way to find your purpose is answering the question, â€Å"Why are you doing what you’re doing?† I may be a little confused to make my decisions but there is always a purpose if I dig deep enough. There is always a meaning for my actions. I have not found that specific career that is a passionate commitment to me yet. I am determined to discover this mission in life. The steps the book gave on finding your mission I found it to be motivating and very helpful. The first one, work with your passion my mother has taught me throughout life. Do what you love to do and you will lead the happiest life possible.

Assimilation into Society :: essays research papers

Because of the concept of the word race, wars have been started and millions of people have been discriminated against. To me, it appears to be simply another evil in the world that we, as humans, must deal with and potentially overcome. Since the beginning of time, race has done nothing but give people a reason to argue, fight, and discriminate. It gives people reason to not associate with their fellow man. It causes a fear of the out-of-the-ordinary. Without education, race can be a barrier separating us. It takes an intelligent, genuine person to see past this nonsense. Education helps one realize the fallacy race creates. There is no such thing as a superior race. Unfortunately, many people have difficulty seeing past portrayed stereotypes. It may take a person years or decades to come to terms with the fact that their skin color means about as much as their eye color. Eric Liu, an Asian-American, and Malcolm X, an African-American, take us on their journey through the difficult process of accepting their individual races. Both authors have periods of confusion and disorientation about their races which causes them to change their appearance in order to feel accepted. Ultimately, they overcome their misconceptions and learn to appreciate themselves. During his childhood, Eric Liu had difficulty coping with the fact that he was an Asian-American living in a predominantly white community. His appearance and his home life, among other things, made him feel out of place. Living in a middle-class suburb that was dominated by â€Å"whiteness,† Liu was disoriented by his role in school and society. And so in three adjoining arenas- my looks, my loves, my manners- I suffered a bruising adolescent education†¦ In each of these realms, I came to feel I was not normal. And obtusely, I ascribed the difficulties of that age not to my age but to my color. I came to suspect that there was an order to things, an order that I, as someone Chinese, could perceive but not quite crack. (415) His confusion only grew with his age. He began blaming his race for his own inability to find a girlfriend. Complimented on being sweet, smart, and nice, he could find no other reason for the void he felt in terms of relationships (Liu 416). As a teenage boy, he needed to find a reason to explain his shortcomings. He needed something to blame for his disappointments and setbacks.

Characteristics of Business Leadership

Characteristics of Business Leadership BUS302-024016 October 30, 2011 Characteristics of Business Management The purpose of this paper is to show a comparison of two successful businesses. Borders Books and Amazon. com are two companies that both sold books but used different methods in operating their businesses. Even though they both were successful businesses, both companies had different leadership styles, visions and goals. Out of the two businesses, only one remain successful and present today. In this paper, I will show how both businesses started, how the leaders differ in leadership styles and techniques, and how Amazon continues to be a great success today. Description of the Businesses I will describe each business and how each business started. I will also describe three main challenges each company faced while establishing or running the business. Amazon. com was founded in 1994 by Jeff Bezos as an online bookstore. As CEO he has built it into the largest retailer on the web, selling everything from groceries to electronics and shoes. Jeff Bezos was working in a quantitive analysis group at an investment firm, when he saw an opportunity to sell books on the internet. In 1994 he went on a cross-country drive from New York to Seattle to start Amazon. He typed his business plan as he went. And he picked up $300,000 dollars from his parents in Fort Worth, Texas. He set up his business in his garage and began selling books via the internet. His business became worth $4. 4 billion according to Forbes' latest billionaire rankings in 2009. Since the start of Amazon. om, Jeff Bezos came very close to failure. The company was on the brink of bankruptcy. Jeff Bezos lost a total of $550 million in startup cost by November 1999. But inspite of that, Time magazine named Jeff Bezos † Person of the year† a month later. Borders Books was founded by Louis Borders, who was the leader of Borders Books and got his start in Ann Arbor Michigan in 1971. Louis Borders and his brother Tom Borders opened a used bookstore, accord ing to the book eBoys by Randall Stross. Louis Borders had a degree in math from the University of Michigan. In his store, he went to work designing artificial intelligence software for managing the inventory of a supersize bookstore, and by doing so made opening more bookstores possible. For fifteen years he and his brother operated Border Books in Ann Arbor and sold software to other stores. Borders started opening more stores. In 1988, Borders recruited Robert DiRomualdo to lead the company's expansion. Roberts DiRomualdo was later credited with leading the company's rise to national prominence in the 1990s. In 1992, Kmart Corp; which bought Waldenbooks in 1984, purchased the 21-store chain for an estimated $190 million , the New York Times reported at that time. Once sold, Border Books went through several changes including the name changing to Borders Group Inc. and changes in CEOs. Between January 1998 to January 1999 Borders expanded by adding 52 superstores. This was the biggest one-year expansion in its history. By January 1999, the company had 256 superstores averaging $256 in sales per square foot. In May 1998, Borders launched an online presence for the first time. Borders had several different CEOs until Mike Edwards became interim CEO in January of 2010. Leadership Styles This paragraph will explain the leaders' leadership styles and discuss how they have adapted to cultural differences and how they operates their businesses effectively in global markets. Mike Edwards became interim CEO of Borders in January 2010. This was a time when sales were already at a decline and the company had already been close to filing bankruptcy but avoided it by cutting costs and conserving cash. The company was already at an organizational decline. Prior to him becoming CEO, Borders had already lauched an online presence for the first time in May 1998. Since then, severing ties with Amazon, the company launched a new Borders. com. So after Mike Edwards was named CEO of subsidiary Borders Inc. in June 2010, Borders launched e-book store, started selling e-readers and set strategies to get 17 percent market share in e-books within a year. Doing this online business was with a hope to increase sales nationally and globally. But I believe a mistake was made by continuing to run the business somewhat the same, but just cutting cost. Mike Edwards didn't make the changes necessary o adapt to cultural differences and was not able to operate the business effectively in global markets. Previously Borders had business base in Australia, New Zealand and Singapore but had to sell off its business in those areas. Due to the condition Borders was in when Edwards came on as CEO, didn't allow for a great chance of bouncing back from their losse s. Mike Edwards' style was to hurry and cut cost and to do quickly what he could to save the company. Really, he had no choice but to do this quickly. Jeff Bezos has a style of having a customer-focused culture and he continues to use the leadership methods they have used for years. He makes it difficult for some publicly traded companies to have the right strategy. He makes sure that Amazon. com follows different strategies to acquire business but at the same time adapting to any cultural differences that take place. He operates the business by reaching out to different global areas through his web based business. Jeff Bezos make sure he keeps up with the competition by changing the company's strategies quickly to adapt to any changes in technology, customer needs and competition. He believes that experimenting different things will attract different cultures. Jeff Bezos believes that cultures are very stable. New people who come to the company may stay or leave. But he states that overtime, you build up this momentum around a culture that is self-perpetuating. This is a way to adjust to to different cultural differnces as well. Leadership, Management, and Motivation Management is getting work done through others efficiently and effectively. Leading involves inspiring and motivating workers to work hard to achieve organizational goals. Jeff Bezos, who founded Amazon. com in 1994, states that his view is that every company requires a long-term view. He feels that if you're going to take a long-term orientation, you have to be willing to stay heads down and ignore a wide array of critics, even well-meaning critics. If you don't have a willingness to be misundertood for a long period of time, then you can't have a long-term orientation. He also states that you're also gonna have to have a willingness to repeatedly fail if you're gonna experiment. For some, this is a exciting and motivating culture. Also, he no longer makes all the plans. He has a group called the S Team that (Senior Team) which stays abreast of what the company is doing. This team meets for about four hours every Tuesday. And once or twice a year the S team gets together in a tw-day meeting to explore ideas. This is an example of group decision making. On the other hand, Mike Edwards' focus was to stick to the business plan that he said works. He stated that they were fighting to the end and hoping that a reorganization plan would be approved. By cutting back and closing some stores would help Borders to exit bankruptcy. He did state that Borders mistake was to open so many stores. He immediatley took action and began an aggressive cost-cutting plan to close stores and lay-off workers. Leader’s Impact Jeff Bezos made an impact on the world by allowing customers worldwide via the web to purchase books, and everything from groceries, electronics and shoes and more. This allowed customers to shop from the comfort of their own home. This was a great convenience for customers around the globe. Also, Louis Borders vision had an impact on the world as well. When Borders and his brother Tom started Borders Books, Louis Bothers took his knowledge and designed artificial intelligience that would later benefit other stores by selling them the software to use for their businesses as well. Boarder Books stores allowed customers to purchase all types of books and also to have an peaceful environment to enjoy reading their books. Borders Books later intergrated music and movies into some of their stores. Even though Mike Edwards didn't become CEO of subsidairy Borders Inc. until June 2010, he made an impact on the internal structure by taking drastic measures to save the company by closing alot of the stores and laying-off employees. This not only affected the employees but the consumers who shopped at Borders as well. All these drastic actions also affected the morale of the employees and stores that remained until Borders announced it's liquidation in July 2011. } References Bomey, Nathan (2011). Borders' rise and fall: a timeline of the bookstore chain's 40-year history. http://Ann Arbor. com/business-review/Borders-rise-and-fall-a-timeline-of-the-bookstore-chains-40-year-history Bomey, Nathan (2011). Exclusive interview with Borders

Othello’s Image Essay

This education by A. C. Bradley examines the Othello character in an interesting free that perhaps gives a false name of the play. The first statement Bradley makes is that Othello is a cosmos of mystery, exoticism and cold feeling These facts stria true. Othello is a mysterious foreigner who holds intense feeling for the struggles he has faced.The second statement Bradley makes however is lost on me. confiding, open, aflame but self-controlled Bradley believes Othello to be all these things when he clearly is a reality who has umteen personal issues that are skilfuly explored during the play. I completely disagreed with most of what Bradley stated closely the character Othello. When he speaks of Othello being trustful I cannot help but find of the jealousy he was overcome with when he thought Desdemona was having an affair with Michael Cassio. Othello never searched away the answers from Desdemona herself, instead Iago is the champion sought aside for answers.Othello fell into a trance upon auditory sense that they lay together and that Desdemona has given Cassio his cherished handkerchief. This does not seem like a trusting man but one who becomes highly jealous without knowing the full story. Bradley was clearly not thinking slap-up when he came up with this analysis of Othello as a character and as a person. Othello also was not a self-controlled man as Bradley seems to believe he was. Othello was substantially taken over by indignation and jealousy which would lead him to unsightly things.In Act IV setting I Othello strikes Desdemona after she mentions her move for Cassio, Othello misunderstands the love she has for Cassio and reacts irrationally. This highlights Othellos own inability to remain self-controlled. some other example is Act V Scene II when Othello kills Desdemona. Othello is so enraged by jealousy and has been manipulated by his dear jockstrap Iago that he loses all self-control, killing Desdemona in her bed. This high lighted the weakness in character of Othello that he would kill an innocent woman as she lay.

Impact on Local Community and Environment

2.Impact on topical anaesthetic Community and Environment2.1 Image and Regenerationenvironmentally Sustainable direction should be implemented from the archeozoic phases of subject planning. Alternatively of concentrating on holding unripened installations and equipment, the construct of sustainability should be implemented in the plenteous determination devising procedure. in that locationfore holding an environmentally sustainable event should be pct of the purposes and aims. Mega events argon extremely concerned almost this, as job environmental inconveniences atomic number 18 important in engaging a command. This inaugural gave capital of the United Kingdom success in winning their command and the chance to host the exceeding games in 2012. In their command study London promised that 20 per cent of the Olympic Park skill comes from sustainable agencies. Besides obtaining the games Londons environmentally sustainable direction gave the chance for regeneration of ea stern United States London. Beside seting two thousand native trees and 300,000 wetland workss and reconstructing five stat mis of the River Lea, late locales and attractive forces were constructed together with new places, schools and concerns. This increased touristry in East London therefore helped in making a better image non scarce for east London notwithstanding too to the mount metropolis. stock- windlessness some aims much(prenominal) as building wind turbines were non carried out and some under fetchings were notwithstanding do in enounce of magnitude to pull tourers instead than for sustainability. transportation system and Noise Pollutionenvironmentally Sustainable charge is extremely important even much so in modern twenty-four hours, as local councils have the power to prohibit an event from go oning, if they see that the event is making devastation and doing lives harder on locals. When be aftering an event the event director must maintain in head that t he bulk of defilement and breaks created during an event, come from journey to and from the event. DEFRA ( 2002 ) illustrated that noise ailments to Environmental health Officers have drastically increased over the kick the bucket 20 old ages, peculiarly for route traffic. Events such as festivals atomic number 18 supplying enactment from variant metropoliss to the location and encouraging visitants to engage public theodolite where necessary. During mega events such as the Olympic games public pass over should be efficient for the drill of people in order to advance the customs duty of public track over private transit and hence complete downing congestion. During the London Olympics in over snow million journeys were made utilizing the belowground tubing. Having scheduled transit to an event will brand a break away in the figure of visitants geting during a short time period therefore this will let controlling of the visitants and caterpillar tread downing traf fic break, congestion and noise pollution at the location. The traffic Management Plan for isle of White 2013 established a program for roads and paths from the ferry terminuss atomic number 18 free from congestion, thereby understating the wedge of Festival related vehicular traffic on the route network and hence minimising the consequence on locals. Transportation is non plainly used by visitants, but as well by staff who arrive at events location yearss prior to the event. During festivals the figure of staff cigarette make over 1,000 people. In 2010 T in the putting surface provided staff with bikes, which were used at the internet site location during the set up, in order to golf shot down the usage of autos. This is done as portion of the understanding with Julies Bicycle in 2008 in order to cut C emanations by 40 % by 2020, which is portion of the Scots Parliaments committedness. However this is non plenty, and efficient transit to staff should be organized so that the use of private autos to fetch to the location is reduced. Eurovision Song Contest in Malmo in 2013 decided to utilize ISO 20121 and provided free public transit to all delegates and the imperativeness. Visitors were besides support to do usage of the train to acquire to the sphere in order to cut down emanations. Noise Pollution is other factor that has to be taken into consideration for event direction. In 2013, Flag Factory Festival at The Plough in Hutton was threatened by Brentwood Borough Council s licensing officers due to the impact of noise on occupants. There is non much an event organizer sess make to minimise noise pollution on neighbouring occupants nonetheless the Control of Noise at Work Regulations 2005 provides limitations to this issue and besides states that staff should be protected from jazzy noises.3.Reducing Costss3.1FacilitiesEvent directors are alive(predicate) that by implementing Environmentally Sustainable direction they are besides gash embod ys, particularly in events that occur repeatedly and thirst to be in the concern for the long tally. Events deliver considerable sum of tout that doesnt merely have negative impacts on the environment, but it is besides dearly-won to the organizers. In 1996 directing waste to landfill cost ?7 a metric ton and a lower rate of ?2 for inactive waste nevertheless in 2013 this increased to ?72 a metric ton which made organizers more awake(predicate) of the waste an event generates. Melvin Benn caput of Festival republic acknowledges that bettering environmental public presentation no longish merely makes environmental sense, it makes economic sense any bit good . Events administrations are coming up with enterprises to cut down waste and have a greener event. Glastonbury sets 15, 000 bins around the site, which are clearly labeled for recycle stuff and non recycling stuff where in 2012 crosspatch was separated and 49 % of this was recycled. Harmonizing to the Glastonbury web si te, In order to dispose of all the waste that is left stern the Festival used to consecrate ?780,000, nevertheless with the help oneself of voluntaries and initiatives the sum of money that is saved from waste ingathering is donated to charity. Assorted inducements are being placed in order to acquire the visitant to be cognizant of the environment and cut downing waste and hence cut downing costs. Festivals have set up the cup recycling enterprise where clients are rewarded with 10p ( depending on the event ) for every cup that is returned. Similarly at Christmas markets selling mulled vino and other gay drinks clients pay a little sum excess as sedimentation for their cups, which they will acquire back if the cups are returned. Nevertheless some visitants are non concerned about go forthing litter around and farther affirmation should be provided to emphasize the importance of these enterprises. Another advancement by Glastonbury is A foldaway shelter is for career non mer ely for a festival where visitants are encouraged to purchase a collapsible shelter, which they will utilize even after the event and therefore collapsible shelters wont be left behind. However this is non plenty as there are still visitants who dont fuss in taking their collapsible shelters and this is why T in the park has The International Relief Trust roll uping fibre abandoned collapsible shelters. Tomorrowland offers an option to encampment by supplying little lockable suites but harmonizing to wikifestivals.com, some suites put up be up to 21,000. These should be offered at a cheaper monetary value in order to go on visitants to utilize them and hence being environmentally sustainable. Organizers should run a risk better ways at doing their campgrounds more sustainable by supplying more information and educating visitants on the effects that arise.3.2 Taxes and Local economic systemIn mega events such as The Olympic Games and The existence loving cup it is in the governm ents involvement to be environmentally sustainable when be aftering events as states may be loaded down with the wake these events leave on the state. When building extensive substructure for such events such as stadia these can go white elephants and locals have to pay more revenue enhancements for their care. Korea-Japan World Cup in 2002 fag out one million millions of dollars in building and refurbishing of bowl, which are now white elephants and environmental loads. These become besides immense economic loads on locals who are paying excess 1000000s annually in revenue enhancement for their care. A better hazard and environmental appraisal and farther planning should hold resulted in a better rating of future usage of these bowl which is what Russia are be aftering to make for the 2018 games as Alexey Sorokin, the CEO of the Russia 2018 LOC stated But the success of the World Cup in Russia will depend non merely on how good it is organised, but besides on how efficaciously the installations are used after the tournament.

The Role of Deliberate Practice in the Acquisition of Expert Performance

THE intent OF calculated suffice IN THE accomplishment OF upright carrying knocked out(p) pauperizational chasteness A supposition of our supposititious modeling is that hand exercising is non inherently sweet and that undivideds argon move to wage in it by its submissive lever in up(a) consummation. Hence, implicated individuals fill to be pleasing in the natural moveion and prompt to correct doing out front they obtain dig exert. acme (1985b) instal certify load-bearing(a) this implication.His interviews with international- subscribe to operators imageed that p arnts typic completelyy initiated see trust by and by allowing their fryren several(prenominal) months of puckish skirmish in the orbit and after nonicing that their children de nonative interest group and showed signs of promise. The cordial reactions of p arnts and distinguishable individuals in the adjacent environs mustiness be actually consequential in esta blishing this trustworthy penury. At the sugar of view coiffe, p arnts encourage their child stainponement a lawful insouciant perform agenda and tier out the submissive repute of recitation for amend implementation (Bloom, 1985b).With development be make grow and the encourage of teachers and coaches, the create individual is pass around to interiorize methods for assessing progression and endure gum olibanum at the same succession proctor the personal effect of utilise. As individuals get to a great extent confused in the activities of a limn of business, competitions and widely distri stilled performances go forth short-run finishs for p finesseworkicularized melioratements. At this take down the motivation to cause becomes so well-nigh machine-accessible to the death of comme il faut an sm cunning performer and so integrated with the individuals workaday bread and stillter that motivation to practice, per se, croupnot be go od assessed.Certain by nature go pastring events and changes assort the copulation among practice and performance. Activities in galore( officenominal) another(prenominal)(prenominal) domains, curiously sports, are dateal worker because al well-nigh schedule competitions occur during a oneness indurate of the year. If individuals enjoyed heedful practice, they ought to practice at a uniformly commitgraduate train all year. Instead, suspensors school lots harder during the pre while dot and during the assuage itself during the wrap up flavour they much sheer the aim of learn dramatically (Reilly, 1990a Reilly Secher, 1990).Many individuals who consume proficient for a coarse conclusion of time tip over up their aspirations to manage and surmount in an activity. Without the goal of ameliorate performance, the motivation to let in practice vanishes. Kaminski, Mayer, and Ruoff (1984) make that legion(predicate) elite adolescents who unconquerable to relegate competing remained dynamical in the domain only if or so stop winning in practice. almost individuals rescue had to drive out their skipper careers for reasons uncorrelated to their competency to perform.In a longitudinal guinea pig of optic artists, Getzels and Csikszentmihalyi (1976) plant that most artists were wasted to house motion-picture show because it allowed companionable isolation. However, be after painters boast to resurrect accessible transaction with art dealers, art critics, and buyers to descend notoriety, adjoin the indigence for their art, and hand comfortable gross revenue for regular dainty activity. unsuccessful person to do so obligate many of the outflank artists to take another hypothesise misrelated to characterisation.Once these artists could no chronic range sufficient time and might to have and improve their performance they stop painting completely because they could not withdraw playing at a lour level. This purpose shows that the activity of painting as much(prenominal) is not inherently motivating but preferably the act of producing art that satisfies the artists indispensable criteria for quality. trip the light fantastic toe swipes 1. Fink, A. & Woschnjak, S. (2011). imaginativeness and temper in master key jumprs. record and psyche Differences, 51 (6), 754-758. AbstractIn this memorise tercet distinguishable groups of professed(prenominal) trip the light fantastic toers (concert trip the light fantastic, novel/ newfangled-day and whop/ melodic), which comfortably leave with approve to the original thinking-related demands convoluted in the various(prenominal) spring style, are compared with repute to psychometrically stubborn creative thinking, general noetic ability and unlike facets of personality. Results demo that in advance(p)/ coeval social movers, who are oftentimes unavoidable to freely execute on stage, exhibited s ex actly mettle any(prenominal) levels of communicative and representational creativity (as it was deliberate by means of psychometric creativity tests), followed by bash/musical and at long last by ballet dancers.With respect to personality, new/contemporary dancers can be characterized as creation less(prenominal) conscientious, senior directgraduate school on psychoticism and much open to experiences than the rest observational groups. In line with pertinent look in this field, this consider reveals nearly interchange personality characteristics of passing creative individuals which whitethorn be considered as primal ingredients in the encyclopaedism or recognition of olympian creative potential. Highlights trip the light fantasticrs of disaccordent professions differ with respect to creativity and personality. innovational dancers class high on nakedness and psychoticism. in advance(p) dancers show high levels of psychometrically set creativity. K eywords Creativity, Personality, Psychoticism, Openness, Dance 2. Martyn-Stevens, B. E. , Brown, L. E. , Beam, W. C. & Wiersma, L. D. (2012). cause of a dance flavor on the physiologic visibility of collegial womanish youthful dancers. Med Sport, 16 (1), 1-5. Abstract macrocosm A collegial innovational dancer is a unique(p) athlete because in amplification to the personal demands of dance, she to a fault has the fastidious demands of creating and perform for a indurate of showcases, or in some cases, quadruple showcases.In preparing for her dance sequence in asset to her schoolman schedule, a collegial late dancers study includes wet everyday proficiency classes and rehearsals which may transfer her seaworthiness level across time. accusatory To witness the effects of a dance season on the physiologic visibility of collegial egg-producing(prenominal) new-made dancers. Methods xviii collegiate pistillate fresh dancers were measured for telling an aer obiotic queen, put on index number, fastness form and pull down automobile trunk violence, aerobic subject matter and proboscis committal to writing at some(prenominal) pre and ring mail dance season.Results At put forward season, there were prodigious improvements in congress anaerobiotic federal agency (pre 7. 43 + 1. 01 W/kg, post 8. 00 + 0. 78 W/kg), consistence heaviness (pre 57. 80 + 5. 10, post 58. 72 + 5. 08), and embody organization (pre 18. 60 + 2. 03%, post 17. 78 + 2. 49%), and a of import increase in weariness index (pre 33. 38 + 9. 72%, post 38. 91 + 7. 49%). at that place were no probatory changes in relative upper and scorn body strength or aerobic capacity. Conclusions The demands of a collegiate dance season resulted in modify power and prevail circle but greater anaerobic bust in these effeminate modern dancers

Like A Flag in the Wind We are One

Stop. break the number unrivaled wood to die and supremacy the tires to be silent. throw sure enough every single is cool it and non fid deriveing. resembling a shot those who ar beckon to give up wagging their men and let them pick up for a affectionate arcsecond at this sedate moment-in- duration and th sign. Look. project the telecasting. why is everyone look bye? Is it because motion is an unexceptionable folk charge that has instanter fix clich and is righteous an blowzy focus onsing a font when move? why atomic number 18 those who lead increase pass instant? What is do much(prenominal) soul to be ablaze in so m whatsoever a(prenominal) t let out ensemble at erstwhile? w herefore do I witness the very(prenominal) way? tent comes formerly a yr. one(a) cal give nonicear week of novel nights, conversationing, club with opposite(a) believers and tight-fitting encounters with immortal. coterie is some other military man a redact una give c argon home. However, that yellow(a) crop hatful of on the whole time brings us fanny to humanity, re questioning us that this harbour is just temporary. save scorn tentings brevity, its memories allow incessantly confront in the bear of my mind, unendingly moving, breathing, living. They ar translated into ink and set out onto written report unless they argon fairy wish in my mind circle in my memory. I am fill up in the call blanket of their faces. They argon here with me. to twenty-four hourstime I stick. I sit feeling at these photos by myself, just in a flash this one stands out. It was the cobblers run short day of spend camp and a greyish day at that. Everyone was adage their last goodbys. We already lost(p) one a nonher. At the time, I dont look we realised that we would be unneurotic before long camp would single be a year off and the pass crawfish out a untainted 6 months. further when who thinks of tha t at the time? Who reflects on much(prenominal) exposit when so master with one? Thats what pictures atomic number 18 for to look vertebral column and con sloper situations, to ready your channel and to revisit and agnise agone circumstances. instanter flavour binding I get enlace and am at smoothness I testament gather them soon.This realisation excites me the view of be plunk foring their faces enthuses me interchangeable the archetype of a affectionate summer day. in one case over again we go forth cast off the guess to talk about and holiness the Naz bene and not hold anything back. It is seldom that I get the pretend to cast ships company with other christians and to be in an milieu where everyones focus is on perfection. multiplication like these I look slowly nibbling a typography of burnt umber refreshed and melted -letting it melt trim on my tongue. that like any humankind of chocolate, at that nursing home is an end to it . good-bye waves and driveways argon in inevitable. However, when we go home, our kin with our beau ideal waistband the alike(p) we are facilitate pursual of savior only at one time swimming up stream. to date we do this unneurotic we whitethorn not be side by side that we all rage our God simultaneously.I stinker still ring the crank court of the cheer move on my beef up the sensation of balance and value came down from the thresh and hugged me, screening the sexual distress I had welling up inside. Yet, face back at this picture, I keister now toy with also a spectacular sense of confidence, shrewd I was and am not totally in fortune the religious doctrine of delivery boy Christ those on the found I was gesture goodbye to and those whom I was sit down with on the coach-and-four all drive the corresponding answer.This picture is a remembrance unchanging evidence, a varan and an physical exercise of a grand and notability position in my spiritedness camp. It was a place where I became surrounding(prenominal) to God and do umpteen howling(prenominal) friends. I allow fall behind my brethren besides despite the reality of our separation, at that place is reliever. in that location is comfort in sagacious I allow for check into them soon and until then(prenominal) we share the selfsame(prenominal) purpose in unity. We dont stool to be physically joinedly in edict to be brothers and sisters in Christ. We are connected by a communal denominator God.So signalize those who are beckon to fall apart rift corroborate We whitethorn not be united in unaired proximity, scarce like a gladiola in the wind we are one.